Which of the following is a characteristic of alternating current (AC)?

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Alternating current (AC) is characterized by its periodic reversal of direction, which means that the flow of electric charge changes periodically. This is a fundamental property of AC that distinguishes it from direct current (DC), where the electric charge flows consistently in one direction. In an AC circuit, the voltage and current oscillate, typically in a sinusoidal waveform, which allows the energy to be transmitted over long distances with high efficiency.

Understanding this characteristic is crucial, especially in applications related to cathodic protection, where AC can influence the performance of the cathodic protection system and the potential measurements taken on buried structures or pipelines. Knowing that AC reverses direction will help practitioners recognize potential interference and make adjustments to ensure that accurate readings are obtained. Thus, option C captures the essence of what defines alternating current and its behavior in electrical systems.

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