What type of anode system faces issues with stray current?

Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) systems are particularly susceptible to issues with stray current due to the manner in which they operate. In an ICCP system, an external power source is used to drive current from an anode to a cathode, actively providing cathodic protection to a structure. This external drive of current means that stray currents, which are extraneous electrical currents that can be generated by nearby electrical equipment, transmission lines, or other external factors, can interfere with the normally expected current flow.

Stray currents can lead to unintended corrosion or alteration of protective currents as they may divert the protective current away from designated areas. This can create uneven protection and potentially allow for corrosion to occur in areas that would otherwise be protected.

In contrast, Galvanic systems rely on the natural electrochemical reactions of sacrificial anodes without the influence of an external power supply. While they can still face challenges, the mechanism of stray current interference is generally not as pronounced as in ICCP systems. The other two choices are less relevant because they either do not employ an external power source like ICCP or they operate under different mechanisms that do not inherently focus on stray currents.