What is the primary function of a cathodic protection system?

The primary function of a cathodic protection system is to prevent corrosion on metallic structures. Corrosion occurs when metal reacts with its environment, which can lead to structural weaknesses and failure. A cathodic protection system achieves this by transforming the metal surface into a cathode in a galvanic or impressed current system. This effectively prevents the electrochemical reactions that lead to corrosion.

By applying a small electrical current to the metal structure, or by using sacrificial anodes that corrode preferentially, the system protects the integrity of pipelines, tanks, and other metallic installations. This is crucial for ensuring the longevity and safety of these structures, particularly in harsh environments such as underground or underwater scenarios.

The other choices do not accurately reflect the primary function of a cathodic protection system. Enhancing electrical conductivity, increasing soil moisture levels, and monitoring voltage levels are not the core aims of the system, which is fundamentally designed to combat corrosion risks.