What is formed when hydrogen ions are removed from the solution in electrochemical reactions?

When hydrogen ions (H⁺) are removed from a solution during electrochemical reactions, hydroxyl ions (OH⁻) are formed. This process typically occurs in the context of electrolysis or when a reduction reaction takes place, where hydrogen ions gain electrons and are reduced to hydrogen gas. This removal of H⁺ ions leads to an increase in the concentration of hydroxyl ions in the solution, which directly impacts the pH, making the solution more alkaline.

Understanding this process is essential in contexts such as cathodic protection and electrochemical cell reactions, where the balance of ions plays a significant role in determining the overall chemical behaviors and outcomes. The presence of hydroxyl ions also contributes to the basicity of the solution, thus influencing corrosion processes and the effectiveness of cathodic protection systems.