What currents are associated with sunspot activity and disturbances in the Earth's magnetic fields?

Sunspot activity and the associated disturbances in the Earth's magnetic fields are primarily linked to telluric currents. These currents are natural electrical currents that flow through the Earth, typically generated by solar activity, including sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections. When these solar phenomena occur, they can influence the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere, resulting in variations in the electric fields and currents circulating within the Earth itself.

Telluric currents can be affected by geomagnetic storms, which are disturbances caused by the solar wind interacting with the Earth's magnetic field. As these interactions take place, they generate changes in the electrical conductivity of the ground, leading to the flow of telluric currents that can be measured and studied for their implications on various technologies, including communication systems and power grids.

In contrast, stray currents typically refer to unwanted currents that may flow through unintended paths, often due to galvanic corrosion rather than solar activity. Induced currents arise when a conductor experiences a changing magnetic field, which is not directly linked to sunspot activity in the same manner as telluric currents. Ground currents are similar to stray currents but specifically pertain to currents that flow through the ground, usually as a result of electrical installations or faults, rather than