The weight of any material deposited on the cathode or released from the anode is:

The weight of any material deposited on the cathode or released from the anode during electrochemical processes, such as those involved in cathodic protection, is directly proportional to the amount of current flow. This principle is outlined by Faraday's laws of electrolysis, which state that the amount of substance transformed at an electrode during electrolysis is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte.

As current flows through the electrochemical cell, electrons are transferred at the electrodes, leading to reactions that either deposit material onto the cathode or cause material to be released from the anode. This relationship ensures that increasing the current will increase the amount of material involved in these processes, thereby affecting the weight of the deposits or the material detached from the electrodes accordingly.

In contrast, the other options suggest different relationships or influences that do not align with the established principles of electrochemistry. For instance, stating that the weight is inversely proportional to current flow contradicts the established laws, and the temperature of the environment, while it may influence reaction rates, does not fundamentally alter the proportional relationship to current flow. Meanwhile, implying that weight changes are unrelated to current flow overlooks the foundational electrochemical principles that dictate the deposition and dissolution processes.